ECO401 VU Current Online Solved Quiz No. 3 Spring 2012

Question # 1 of 10 ( Start time: 12:22:29 AM ) Total Marks: 1
————— is the rate at which a firm can substitute capital for labor and hold output constant.
Select correct option:

Diminishing marginal returns
Marginal rate of substitution
Marginal rate of production
Marginal rate of technical substitution

Question # 2 of 10 ( Start time: 12:23:48 AM ) Total Marks: 1
An increase in the total output of a country over time is called:
Select correct option:

Inflation
Economic growth
Economic development
Unemployment

farm can produce 100 kilogram of apples per year with 2 workers and 400 kilogram of apples per year with 3 workers. The marginal product of the third worker is:
Select correct option:

100 kilogram.
300 kilogram.
400 kilogram.
500 kilogram.

Question # 4 of 10 ( Start time: 12:26:12 AM ) Total Marks: 1
According to the Real Business Cycles (RBC) School, fluctuations in output occur because of:
Select correct option:

Change in price level.
Change in technology.
Change in aggregate demand.
Unanticipated change in demand management policies.

Question # 5 of 10 ( Start time: 12:27:40 AM ) Total Marks: 1
Suppose the consumption function is C = 200 + 0.6 Yd. What is marginal propensity to consume?
Select correct option:

6
60
0.6
600

Question # 6 of 10 ( Start time: 12:29:08 AM ) Total Marks: 1
A risk neutral person always has ___________ marginal utility of income.
Select correct option:

Diminishing
Increasing
Undefined
Constant

Question # 7 of 10 ( Start time: 12:30:38 AM ) Total Marks: 1
ABC Company is running a business of car manufacturing and finds sharp increase in prices of spare parts which in turn increases cost of manufacturing cars. This increase in cost of production will:
Select correct option:

Shift demand curve for cars to the right.
Shift demand curve for cars to the left.
Shift supply curve for cars to the left.
Bring no change in demand or supply curves for cars.

Question # 8 of 10 ( Start time: 12:32:05 AM ) Total Marks: 1
The saving function is:
Select correct option:

The level of planned saving for every change in disposable income.
The level of planned saving at different levels of disposable income.
The ratio of total saving to total disposable income.
The ratio of a change in planned saving to a change in disposable income.

Question # 9 of 10 ( Start time: 12:33:31 AM ) Total Marks: 1
Suppose supply of agricultural products is price inelastic and government decides to increase taxes on agricultural products. More of the tax burden in this case would fall on:
Select correct option:

Producers.
Consumers.
Government.
Both producers and consumers.

Question # 10 of 10 ( Start time: 12:35:00 AM ) Total Marks: 1
If marginal product is below average product:
Select correct option:

The total product will fall
The average product will fall
Average variable costs will fall
Total revenue will fall

Eng101 VU Current Assignment No. 4 Spring 2012 Solution Comming Soon

Assignment No. 4(Spring 2012)

English Comprehension (ENG101)

Total Marks: 15

Due Date: 05-07-2012

Q.1 ‘Paraphrasing is just another name for your writing style’. Paraphrase the following paragraphs in your own words. (5)

Note: The paraphrasing must be one-third of the following excerpt.

One day, when he was in a merry mood, he made a looking-glass which had the power of making everything good or beautiful that was reflected in it almost shrink to nothing, while everything that was worthless and bad looked increased in size and worse than ever. The loveliest landscapes appeared like boiled spinach, and the people became hideous, and looked as if they stood on their heads and had no bodies. Their countenances were so distorted that no one could recognize them, and even one freckle on the face appeared to spread over the whole of the nose and mouth. The demon said this was very amusing. When a good or pious thought passed through the mind of any one it was misrepresented in the glass; and then how the demon laughed at his cunning invention.

All who went to the demon’s school, for he kept a school, talked everywhere of the wonders they had seen, and declared that people could now, for the first time, see what the world and mankind were really like. They carried the glass about everywhere, till at last there was neither a land nor a people who had not been looked at through this distorted mirror.

They wanted even to fly with it up to heaven to see the angels, but the higher they flew the more slippery the glass became, and they could scarcely hold it, till at last it slipped from their hands, fell to the earth, and was broken into millions of pieces. But now the looking-glass caused more unhappiness than ever, for some of the fragments were not as large as a grain of sand, and they flew about the world into every country. When one of these tiny atoms flew into a person’s eye, it stuck there unknown to him, and from that moment he saw everything through a distorted medium, or could see only the worst side of what he looked at, for even the smallest fragment retained the same power which had belonged to the whole mirror. A few persons even got a fragment of the looking-glass in their hearts, and this was very terrible, for their hearts became cold like a lump of ice. A few of the pieces were so large that they could be used as window-panes; it would have been a sad thing to look at our friends through them. Other pieces were made into spectacles; this was dreadful for those who wore them, for they could see nothing either rightly or justly.

At all this the wicked demon laughed till his sides shook, it tickled him so to see the mischief he had done. There were still a number of these little fragments of glass floating about in the air, and now you shall hear what happened with one of them.

(Hans Christian Andersen- Looking-Glass and the Broken Fragments)

Q.2 UNDERLINE the FIVE clichés from the given passage. (5)

It isclear as crystal that after joining Hassan enterprises, Aleena became busy

as a bee. She was mostly sick and tired due to over exertion. Her family members

and friends were bored to tears even in her presence as she would indulge herself

in her office work even at home. Her complexion also became pale. Before that,

she used to be as red as a rose.

Q.3 Fill in the blanks with the help of appropriate choices.

1- Every trade and profession has its own …..

technical jargon.

formal jargon

simple jargon

complex jargon

2- All writing problems do not involve …..

grammar

syntax

semantics

pragmatics

3- Careful writers avoid weakening their writing with …..

slangs

clichés

proverbs

idioms

4- Punctuation depends upon …..

grammar

linguistics

stylistics

phonetics

5- In essay writing, note making is a skill and it is a .….

personal affair
formal affair
informal affair
public affair

CS402 VU Current GDB Spring 2012 solution Comming Soon

GDB answer via email or through MDB will not be accepted.

Note: Your answer should not be greater than 200 words. Last Date: 10 July 2012

Topic:
Context Free Grammar (CFG) and Push Down Automata (PDA) are used for representing both regular and non-regular languages. Keeping in view the structure and flexibilities provided by both the methods, which approach will you prefer for representing non-regular languages? Justify your answer with logical reasons in either case.

Eng201 VU Current Assignment No. 4 Spring 2012 Solution

Business and Technical English (ENG201)
Spring 2012
Assignment No. 4

Total Marks: 15
Due Date: 04/07/2012

Question No.1 (10)

As a Marketing Manager of Nestle Pakistan, you are to introduce your latest dairy milk product to the market. You have to make use of at least three Visual Aids to support your standpoint. What sort of Visual aids will you take up to make your presentation more persuasive? Give at least three reasons for selecting these aids.

Question No.2
Rewrite each of these sentences so that the modifier is correctly placed. (5)

Alina served hot sandwiches, fries, and potato salad to her guests on paper plates.
The red sports car was reported stolen by the police officer.
Covered with dirt, I saw the farmer plowing his field on my bike.
While lacing my shoelaces, the cat yawned and settled into the chair.
Crowded in the car, we were uncomfortable during the trip.

Solution:

2 question solution

Alina served hot sandwiches, fries, and potato salad on paper plates to her guests.

The stolen red sports car was reported by the police officer

While on my bike, I saw the farmer who was covered with dirt plowing his field.

While I was lacing my shoelaces, the cat yawned and settled into the chair.

we were unconformable in the car during the trip

………
As a Marketing Manager of Nestle Pakistan, you are to introduce your latest dairy milk product to the market. You have to make use of at least three Visual Aids to support your standpoint. What sort of Visual aids will you take up to make your presentation more persuasive? Give at least three reasons for selecting these aids.

IDEA:
Types of Visual Aids

Objects
The use of objects as visual aids involves bringing the actual object to demonstrate on during the speech. For example, a speech about tying knots would be more effective by bringing in a rope.

Pro: the use of the actual object is often necessary when demonstrating how to do something so that the audience can fully understand procedure.
Con: some objects are too large or unavailable for a speaker to bring with them.

Models
Models are representations of another object that serve to demonstrate that object when use of the real object is ineffective for some reason. Examples include human skeletal systems, the solar system, or architecture.

Pros: models can serve as substitutes that provide a better example of the real thing to the audience when the object being spoken about is of an awkward size or composure for use in the demonstration.

Cons: sometimes a model may take away from the reality of what is being spoken about. For example, the vast size of the solar system cannot be seen from a model, and the actual composure of a human body cannot be seen from a dummy.

Graphs
Graphs are used to visualize relationships between different quantities. Various types are used as visual aids, including bar graphs, line graphs, pie graphs, and scatter plots.

Pros: graphs help the audience to visualize statistics so that they make a greater impact than just listing them verbally would.

Cons: graphs can easily become cluttered during use in a speech by including too much detail, overwhelming the audience and making the graph ineffective.

Maps
Maps show geographic areas that are of interest to the speech. They often are used as aids when speaking of differences between geographical areas or showing the location of something.

Pros: when maps are simple and clear, they can be used to effectively make points about certain areas. For example, a map showing the building site for a new hospital could show its close location to key neighborhoods, or a map could show the differences in distribution of AIDS victims in North American and African countries.

Cons: inclusion of too much detail on a map can cause the audience to lose focus on the key point being made. Also, if the map is disproportional or unrealistic, it may prove ineffective for the point being made.

Tables
Tables are columns and rows that organize words, symbols, and/or data.
Pros: Good tables are easy to understand. They are a good way to compare facts and to gain a better overall understanding of the topic being discussed. For example, a table is a good choice to use when comparing the amount of rainfall in 3 counties each month.

Cons: Tables are not very interesting or pleasing to the eye. They can be overwhelming if too much information is in a small space or the information is not organized in a convenient way. A table is not a good choice to use if the person viewing it has to take a lot of time to be able to understand it. Tables can be visual distractions if it is hard to read because the font is too small or the writing is too close together. It can also be a visual distraction if the table is not drawn evenly.

Photographs
Pros:Photographs are good tools to make or emphasize a point or to explain a topic. For example, when explaining the shanty-towns in a third word country it would be beneficial to show a picture of one so the reader can have a better understanding of how those people live. A photograph is also good to use when the actual object cannot be viewed. For example, in a health class learning about cocaine, the teacher cannot bring in cocaine to show the class because that would be illegal, but the teacher could show a picture of cocaine to the class. Using local photos can also help emphasize how your topic is important in the audience’s area.

Cons: If the photograph is too small it just becomes a distraction. Enlarging photographs can be expensive if not using a power point or other viewing device.

Drawings/Diagrams
Pros: Drawings or diagrams can be used when photographs do not show exactly what the speaker wants to show or explain. It could also be used when a photograph is too detailed. For example, a drawing or diagram of the circulatory system throughout the body is a lot more effective than a picture of a cadaver showing the circulatory system.

Cons:If not drawn correctly a drawing can look sloppy and be ineffective. This type of drawing will appear unprofessional.

Visual Aids Media: Simple to Advanced

Chalkboard or Whiteboard
Chalkboards and whiteboards are very useful visual aids, particularly when more advanced types of media are unavailable. They are cheap and also allow for much flexibility. The use of chalkboards or whiteboards is convenient, but they are not a perfect visual aid. Often, using this medium as an aid can create confusion or boredom. Particularly if a student who is not familiar with how to properly use visual aids attempts to draw on a board while they are speaking, they detract time and attention from their actual speech.

Poster Board
A poster is a very simple and easy visual aid. Posters can display charts, graphs, pictures, or illustrations. The biggest drawback of using a poster as a visual aid is that often a poster can appear unprofessional. Since a poster board paper is relatively flimsy, often the paper will bend or fall over. The best way to present a poster is to hang it up or tape it to a wall.

Handout
Handouts can also display charts, graphs, pictures, or illustrations. An important aspect of the use of a handout is that a person can keep a handout with them long after the presentation is over. This can help the person better remember what was discussed. Passing out handouts, however, can be extremely distracting. Once a handout is given out, it might potentially be difficult to bring back your audience’s attention. The person who receives the handout might be tempted to read what is on the paper, which will keep them from listening to what the speaker is saying. If using a handout, the speaker distributes the hand out right before you reference it.[9]Distributing handouts is acceptable in a lecture that is an hour or two, but in a short lecture of five to ten minutes, a handout should not be used.

Video Excerpts
A video can be a great visual aid and attention grabber, however, a video is not a replacement for an actual speech. There are several potential drawbacks to playing a video during a speech or lecture. First, if a video is playing that includes audio, the speaker will not be able to talk. Also, if the video is very exciting and interesting, it can make what the speaker is saying appear boring and uninteresting. The key to showing a video during a presentation is to make sure to transition smoothly into the video and to only show very short clips.

Projection Equipment
There are several types of projectors. These include slide projectors, PowerPoint presentations, overhead projectors, and computer projectors. Slide projectors are the oldest form of projector, and are no longer used. PowerPoint presentations are very popular and are used often. Overhead projectors are still used but are somewhat inconvenient to use. In order to use an overhead projector, a transparency must be made of whatever is being projected onto the screen. This takes time and costs money. Computer projectors are the most technologically advanced projectors. When using a computer projector, pictures and slides are easily taken right from a computer either online or from a saved file and are blown up and shown on a large screen. Though computer projectors are technologically advanced, they are not always completely reliable because technological breakdowns are not uncommon of the computers of today.

Computer-Assisted Presentations
PowerPoint presentations can be an extremely useful visual aid, especially for longer presentations. For five to ten minute presentations, it is probably not worth the time or effort to put together a PowerPoint. For longer presentations, however, PowerPoints can be a great way to keep the audience engaged and keep the speaker on track. A potential drawback of using a PowerPoint is that it usually takes a lot of time and energy to put together. There is also the possibility of a computer malfunction, which can mess up the flow of a presentation.

CS201 VU Current Assignment No. 5 Spring 2012 Solution Soon

Assignment No. 05
Semester: Spring 2012
CS201: Introduction to Programming
Total Marks: 20

Due Date:05/07/2012

Objective:

The objective of this assignment is to provide hands on experience of:

> Using manipulators in C/C++
> Overloading stream insertion and extraction operators

Assignment:

Problem Statement: Customer Bill Information

Write a program that takes customer’s information from user i.e. name, ID and spending and displays the same customer information plus total bill on the screen. You will use the same Customer class implemented in Assignment#3. You need to overload stream insertion << and stream extraction >> operators for the Customer class.

Detailed Description:

> Use the same Customer class you implemented in Assignment#3.
> This time you don’t need the friend function for calculation of total bill according to spending.
> You can modify the class (add or delete some functions) as per program requirement.
> You will overload extraction operator >> for getting input for an object of Customer class.
> You will also overload insertion operator << for displaying the customer information on screen.
> On calling extraction operator in main() e.g. cin>>obj where obj is an object of Customer class, information about customer name, ID and spending should be taken from the user.
> Take a look at the sample output for better understanding.

> On calling insertion operator in main() e.g. cout<<obj, the output in the following format should be displayed.

> You must use the formatting manipulators setw() and setfill() for formatting the text as shown in the output.
> All the formatting of text should be implemented inside overloaded function for extraction operator <<
> The main() function of your solution should contain only these instructions

Customer obj;
cin >> obj;
cout << obj;
system(“pause”);

MTH302 VU Current GDB/MDB Spring 2012 Solution Soon

Last Date: 4 July 2012

The Topic for Graded Discussion Board is

“CONSTRUCT A BUSINESS PROBLEM WHICH SHOWS A POSITIVE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDEPENDENT AND DEPENDENT VARIABLES USING REGRESSION ANALYSIS.”

MTH302 VU Current GDB/MDB Spring 2012 Solution Soon

Mgmt623 VU Current GDB No. 2 Spring 2012 Solution

Compromise is the technique which is adopted by the Management…

Friends download the information from the net about compromise and make yours solution. its so easy. Some data we are given the following for your help:

Do you feel that someone is continually taking advantage of you? Do you seem to have to fight your corner aggressively, or ally with others, to win the resources you need? Or do you struggle to get what you want from people whose help you need, but over whom you have little direct authority? If so, you may need to brush up your win-win negotiation skills.

Effective negotiation helps you to resolve situations where what you want conflicts with what someone else wants. The aim of win-win negotiation is to find a solution that is acceptable to both parties, and leaves both parties feeling that they’ve won, in some way, after the event.

There are different styles of negotiation, depending on circumstances.

Where you do not expect to deal with people ever again and you do not need their goodwill, then it may be appropriate to “play hardball”, seeking to win a negotiation while the other person loses out. Many people go through this when they buy or sell a house – this is why house-buying can be such a confrontational and unpleasant experience.

Similarly, where there is a great deal at stake in a negotiation, then it may be appropriate to prepare in detail and legitimate “gamesmanship” to gain advantage. Anyone who has been involved with large sales negotiations will be familiar with this.

Neither of these approaches is usually much good for resolving disputes with people with whom you have an ongoing relationship: If one person plays hardball, then this disadvantages the other person – this may, quite fairly, lead to reprisal later. Similarly, using tricks and manipulation during a negotiation can undermine trust and damage teamwork. While a manipulative person may not get caught out if negotiation is infrequent, this is not the case when people work together routinely. Here, honesty and openness are almost always the best policies.

Preparing for a successful negotiation

Depending on the scale of the disagreement, some preparation may be appropriate for conducting a successful negotiation.

For small disagreements, excessive preparation can be counter-productive because it takes time that is better used elsewhere. It can also be seen as manipulative because, just as it strengthens your position, it can weaken the other person’s.

However, if you need to resolve a major disagreement, then make sure you prepare thoroughly. Using our free worksheet, think through the following points before you start negotiating:

Goals: what do you want to get out of the negotiation? What do you think the other person wants?

Trades: What do you and the other person have that you can trade? What do you each have that the other wants? What are you each comfortable giving away?

Alternatives: if you don’t reach agreement with the other person, what alternatives do you have? Are these good or bad? How much does it matter if you do not reach agreement? Does failure to reach an agreement cut you out of future opportunities? And what alternatives might the other person have?

Relationships: what is the history of the relationship? Could or should this history impact the negotiation? Will there be any hidden issues that may influence the negotiation? How will you handle these?

Expected outcomes: what outcome will people be expecting from this negotiation? What has the outcome been in the past, and what precedents have been set?

The consequences: what are the consequences for you of winning or losing this negotiation? What are the consequences for the other person?
Power: who has what power in the relationship? Who controls resources? Who stands to lose the most if agreement isn’t reached? What power does the other person have to deliver what you hope for?

Possible solutions: based on all of the considerations, what possible compromises might there be?

Style is critical

For a negotiation to be ‘win-win’, both parties should feel positive about the negotiation once it’s over. This helps people keep good working relationships afterwards. This governs the style of the negotiation – histrionics and displays of emotion are clearly inappropriate because they undermine the rational basis of the negotiation and because they bring a manipulative aspect to them.

Despite this, emotion can be an important subject of discussion because people’s emotional needs must fairly be met. If emotion is not discussed where it needs to be, then the agreement reached can be unsatisfactory and temporary. Be as detached as possible when discussing your own emotions – perhaps discuss them as if they belong to someone else.

Negotiating successfully

The negotiation itself is a careful exploration of your position and the other person’s position, with the goal of finding a mutually acceptable compromise that gives you both as much of what you want as possible. People’s positions are rarely as fundamentally opposed as they may initially appear – the other person may have very different goals from the ones you expect!

In an ideal situation, you will find that the other person wants what you are prepared to trade, and that you are prepared to give what the other person wants.

If this is not the case and one person must give way, then it is fair for this person to try to negotiate some form of compensation for doing so – the scale of this compensation will often depend on the many of the factors we discussed above. Ultimately, both sides should feel comfortable with the final solution if the agreement is to be considered win-win.

Only consider win-lose negotiation if you don’t need to have an ongoing relationship with the other party as, having lost, they are unlikely to want to work with you again. Equally, you should expect that if they need to fulfill some part of a deal in which you have “won,” they may be uncooperative and legalistic about the way they do this.

Source: mindtools.com

IT430 VU Current Assignment No. 5 Spring 2012 Solution Soon

IT430 Assignment # 5 Due date 09/07/2012

Assignment no: 5
Semester Spring 2012
Ecommerce(IT430)
Total Marks: 15

Assignment:

Question No.1 (Marks = 15)

Read the given research article and you are bound to give technical review of the Strategies and models discussed in the paper for E-Commerce Design in tabular form and provide at least one more example against each model/ strategy other than discussed in the Paper: Data copied from vu solutions dot com Here is Tabular Format to give the brief and precise technical review. You need to write it in your own words. (You need to Elaborate any five Models w.r.t two strategies discussed in the research paper)

NOTE: Submit “.doc” file only. Every student should provide his/her own work, exact copying of the assignment (or some portion of the assignment) from the internet or other students will lead to copy case and zero marks will be awarded. Do not post any assignment related query on MDB, if you have any query regarding assignment then email at it430@vu.edu.pk

CS614 VU Current GDB Spring 2012 solution Soon

Dear students,

A Graded Moderated Discussion Board will be opened for “Data Warehousing (CS614) from July 04, 2012 to July 05, 2012, in which you have to post your comments on the topic given below and it will have weight-age of 5% of your total subject marks. Your comments will be graded based on the logic you have used to support your answer.

“Data warehousing always leads towards the huge data storage and query intensive format to support analytical decisions”. Justify the given statement either right or wrong with strong arguments.

SOC101 VU Current Assignment No. 4 Spring 2012 Solution Soon

SEMESTER SPRING 2012

Introduction to Sociology (SOC101)
Assignment No. 03
Due Date: 4th July 2012 Marks: 15

Learning objective:

The basic objective of this assignment is:

To know the current situation of population growth rate of country and how other demographic factors, such as age, sex, literacy and population distribution disturbs the socio-economic condition of Pakistani society.

Learning outcome:
Students will be able to understand the change in demographic trends of population over the period of time and will be able to analyze its effects on economic resources of the country.

Population Profiles of Pakistan

From hunting, gathering and foraging society to the present industrial and modernized world man is in continuous struggle for survival. But the major portion of the population of the world is still facing hunger problem. Hundreds of children die of malnutrition daily in this world. Whom we should blame to? The rapid growth of populations; policies of governments; developed countries; or something else.

The real picture is that the most of the world is facing crisis. When we peep into the situation of Pakistan, the country is facing adverse crisis of population growth. Being a sociologist, to deal with the issue of over population and to analyze the future trends it is necessary to have information about
population statistics. In this regard, you are supposed to do the following activity.

Q No. 01. Compile a statistical report on following population elements for year 2010 or 2011. 4
> Age Distribution
> sex Composition
> Literacy Composition
> Distribution of Population

Important: You can get data from UN or Federal Beaurue of Statistics websites. Mention the sources in report.

Q No. 02. In the light of obtained facts and figures you are supposed to analyze the trends of population by giving answers to the following questions. 8
1. How age Structure affects the development of society?
2. How Composition affects the expansion of society?
3. How literacy Composition is linked with social development of Pakistan?
4. How population distribution is linked to food security?

Q No. 03. On the basis of analysis of Q2, you are required to suggest three areas of improvement in Population policy of Pakistan.

CS101 VU Current Assignment No. 5 Spring 2012 Solution

Last Date: 3rd July 2012:

Question No. 1:

A Comparison table is given below showing different technologies. You have to fill the columns a, b and c respectively by using given instructions:

Instructions for Column “a” to “c”:

The latest “technology” or “version” name.
You will define portability in “Yes” or “No”.
Is it “H/w” or S/w based?

Question No. 02

The data of few organizations are very sensitive and can create problems if it is compromised. Organizations take different measures to protect their sensitive data. Cryptography is a process of securing our sensitive data on computer networks. Different algorithms are used to protect our data from misuse by other users. Some of the popular algorithms are given below. You are required to read these algorithms and fill the following table after your research.

Answer 1:

Name	Column a	Column b	Column c
Bluetooth	8.1	Yes	H/W
Window	Windows 7	No	S/W
3G	I OS 5.1.1	No	H/W
Modem	Modem Booster 8.0	No	H/W
RAM	DDR3	No	H/W

Answer 2

S NO	Key Length	Symmetric/Asymmetric	Year Proposed
RSA	2048 bits	Asymmetric	1983
AES	128 bits	Symmetric	2002
Serpent encryption algorithm	256 bits	Symmetric	1998

CS502 VU Current Assignment No. 5 Spring 2012 Solution Soon

CS502 VU Current Assignment No. 5 Spring 2012 Solution

CS 502 Fundamental of Algorithms
Assignment # 05
Spring 2012
Total Marks = 20

Deadline
Your assignment must be uploaded / submitted before or on July 04, 2012

Question:

Suppose that all edge weights in a graph are integers in the range from 1 to |V|. How fast can you make Kruskal’s algorithm run? What if the edge weights are integers in the range from 1 to W for some constant W?

Note:
To solve this question, you are requested to read Kruskal’s algorithm form your recommended book with listen the lecture carefully.

CS401 VU Current Assignment No. 4 Spring 2012 Solution Soon

Assignment No. 04
Semester: Spring 2012
CS401: Computer Architecture and Assembly Language Programming
Total Marks: 20, Due Date: 21 June,2012

Objective
The objective of this assignment is to enhance your knowledge about;

> Interrupts
> Debugger using Single Step Interrupt
> Debugger using Breakpoint Interrupt
> Concepts of Multitasking
> Multitasking Kernel as TSR

Please provide brief answer to each question (maximum 5 lines) .Write all questions in your own words.

Question No 1:

a) Interrupts are used to invoke system activities that have to be performed on regular basis. Programmable interval timer (PIT) is using triggers that interrupt when it reaches the programmed count. Find out whether the frequency of Programmable Interval Timer (PIT) is fixed or not (for IBM PC compatibles)? Also give example how time tick generated through Programmable Interval Timer? (Marks 10)

b) Write down the instructions those are used to inform the PIC about the end of an interrupt? (Marks 5)

c) PCB (Process Control Block) is a space where all registers of a task are stored. Describe how many bytes are needed to structure PCB and also explain different purposes of these bytes? (Marks 5)

CS605 VU Current Assignment No. 4 Spring 2012 Solution Soon

cs605 Assignment no 4 Spring 2012

Question [10+10]

Task-1: Prepare a checklist of tasks (at least five) that you think, will be performed during the integration testing of the product.

Task-2: Prepare a checklist of possible tasks (at least four) that will be performed during the deployment of the product.

Note: These checklists will be helpful in review process

ECO401 VU Current Online Solved Quiz No. 3 Spring 2012

Question # 1 of 10 ( Start time: 12:22:29 AM ) Total Marks: 1
————— is the rate at which a firm can substitute capital for labor and hold output constant.
Select correct option:

Diminishing marginal returns
Marginal rate of substitution
Marginal rate of production
Marginal rate of technical substitution

Question # 2 of 10 ( Start time: 12:23:48 AM ) Total Marks: 1
An increase in the total output of a country over time is called:
Select correct option:

Inflation
Economic growth
Economic development
Unemployment

farm can produce 100 kilogram of apples per year with 2 workers and 400 kilogram of apples per year with 3 workers. The marginal product of the third worker is:
Select correct option:

100 kilogram.
300 kilogram.
400 kilogram.
500 kilogram.

Question # 4 of 10 ( Start time: 12:26:12 AM ) Total Marks: 1
According to the Real Business Cycles (RBC) School, fluctuations in output occur because of:
Select correct option:

Change in price level.
Change in technology.
Change in aggregate demand.
Unanticipated change in demand management policies.

Question # 5 of 10 ( Start time: 12:27:40 AM ) Total Marks: 1
Suppose the consumption function is C = 200 + 0.6 Yd. What is marginal propensity to consume?
Select correct option:

6
60
0.6
600

Question # 6 of 10 ( Start time: 12:29:08 AM ) Total Marks: 1
A risk neutral person always has ___________ marginal utility of income.
Select correct option:

Diminishing
Increasing
Undefined
Constant

Question # 7 of 10 ( Start time: 12:30:38 AM ) Total Marks: 1
ABC Company is running a business of car manufacturing and finds sharp increase in prices of spare parts which in turn increases cost of manufacturing cars. This increase in cost of production will:
Select correct option:

Shift demand curve for cars to the right.
Shift demand curve for cars to the left.
Shift supply curve for cars to the left.
Bring no change in demand or supply curves for cars.

Question # 8 of 10 ( Start time: 12:32:05 AM ) Total Marks: 1
The saving function is:
Select correct option:

The level of planned saving for every change in disposable income.
The level of planned saving at different levels of disposable income.
The ratio of total saving to total disposable income.
The ratio of a change in planned saving to a change in disposable income.

Question # 9 of 10 ( Start time: 12:33:31 AM ) Total Marks: 1
Suppose supply of agricultural products is price inelastic and government decides to increase taxes on agricultural products. More of the tax burden in this case would fall on:
Select correct option:

Producers.
Consumers.
Government.
Both producers and consumers.

Question # 10 of 10 ( Start time: 12:35:00 AM ) Total Marks: 1
If marginal product is below average product:
Select correct option:

The total product will fall
The average product will fall
Average variable costs will fall
Total revenue will fall

IT430 VU Current GDB Spring 2012 Solution

Total Marks 5
Starting Date Monday, June 25, 2012
Closing Date Thursday, June 28, 2012

Question

“E-commerce Technologies can completely compensate human managerial and decision activities“. Support or Contradict the statement with precise arguments.

Solution:

E-commerce Technologies cannot compensate(Replace) human managerial and decision activity.

Mgmt628 GDB No. 2 Spring 2012 Solution

Discussion Question:
There has been a serious critique on codes of ethics that they are only used for employees not for organizations. It is said that a code of ethics only transfers responsibility and accountability of ethical behavior from organization to individual employees. For instance, it is expected by an employee to perform efficiently and effectively along with loyalty and dedication. He is also ethically bound to disclose his all other activities, assets and sources of income to the organization. But at the same moment, if government announces some benefits for employees, e.g. to increase the pay of all government employees, the private organizations do not comply.

Question:
Do you think a code of ethics is also valuable for an organization; and if organization does not follow it, what are the repercussions for the employees to follow the code of ethics?

Solution:

A code of conduct is intended to be a central guide and reference for users in support of day-to-day decision making. It is meant to clarify an organization’s mission, values and principles, linking them with standards of professional conduct. As a reference, it can be used to locate relevant documents, services and other resources related to ethics within the organization.

A code is an open disclosure of the way an organization operates. It provides visible guidelines for behavior. A well-written and thoughtful code also serves as an important communication vehicle that “reflects the covenant that an organization has made to uphold its most important values, dealing with such matters as its commitment to employees, its standards for doing business and its relationship with the community.

A code is also a tool to encourage discussions of ethics and to improve how employees/members deal with the ethical dilemmas, prejudices and gray areas that are encountered in everyday work. (Snowz) A code is meant to complement relevant standards, policies and rules, not to substitute for them.

Codes of conduct offer an invaluable opportunity for responsible organizations to create a positive public identity for themselves which can lead to a more supportive political and regulatory environment and an increased level of public confidence and trust among important constituencies and stakeholders

CS301 VU Current GDB Spring 2012 Solution

Suppose you are given a task to develop an electronic phone book in which you have to store names and phone numbers of employees of a company. The data structures available to you are linked list and Binary Search Tree (BST) and you have to choose only one data structure. Moreover, while selecting any data structure, you also have to keep in consideration insertion, deletion and search operations, because, the company can hire some new employees, search for an employee’s phone number and some old employees can also leave this company. Discuss which data structure do you think would be more suitable for the above discussed scenario. Also discuss the reason why would you prefer this data structure over the other?

Solution:

A binary search tree will provide logarithmic searching which is pretty good. Insertions or deletions will be more costly because they may require some tree rebalancing.

For your linked list, are you still going to keep the data in order or just stuff the nodes one after another? If you are putting them in no order, retrieval will be slow (linear) and insertions and deletions still won’t be that fast. The problem with a linked list, if I remember correctly, is that you can’t jump in the middle of a linked list. You start at the root and go to the next node then the next, etc. So you really can’t perform a binary search or any kind of hashing on the data.

The most popular variation of the Binary Tree is the Binary Search Tree (BST). BSTs are used to quickly and efficiently search for an item in a collection. Say, for example, that you had a linked list of 1000 items, and you wanted to find if a single item exists within the list. You would be required to linearly look at every node starting from the beginning until you found it. If you’re lucky, you might find it at the beginning of the list. However, it might also be at the end of the list, which means that you must search every item before it. The data copied from vu solutions dot com This might not seem like such a big problem, especially nowadays with our super fast computers, but imagine if the list was much larger, and the search was repeated many times. Such searches frequently happen on web servers and huge databases, which makes the need for a much faster searching technique much more apparent. Binary Search Trees aim to Divide and Conquer the data, reducing the search time of the collection and making it several times faster than any linear sequential search.

not sure there are necessarily hard and fast rules for this, so this is more than opinion (to a large extent). Consider this hypothetical program. Suppose you have an address book and want to store People objects somehow so that you can retrieve information about the person (name, age, address, etc) Suppose the key is the person’s name. (snowz) Now, as you might imagine, people are going to want to get Sue Johnson, Albert Zudo, Michael Allan, etc. in any order. So, from the perspective of a program, the order you will be retrieving data will be random. IMO, a tree structure would be better here than a linked list. For a linked list to get to Albert Zudo you are going to have to retrieve the data by going through every entry before Albert Zudo (all A’s, B’s, etc) For a tree structure you can use a binary search (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_search). A binary search essentially lets you eliminate half of the possible choices on each comparison. A linked list only lets you eliminate one.

Similarly with insertions, to add someone to the address book you can simply do a binary search to find the insertion point for a tree. For a linked list you have to go through each item to find it’s insertion points.

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